Big Hadron Collider ( Engl. Large Hadron Collider, LHC ) - accelerator of charged particles in the colliding beams, designed to accelerate protons и тяжёлых ионов (ионов свинца), построенный в научно-исследовательском центре Европейского совета ядерных исследований ( фр. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, CERN ).
big it is named because of its size - the length of the main accelerator ring is 26.7 kilometers. Because it accelerates protons and heavy ions, which are hadrons, and it was called "hadrons". Collider same ( Engl. collide - face), he said, because faster particles in colliding beams.
Some experts and community representatives are concerned that there is a nonzero probability Released conducted in the collider experiments from the control and development of a chain reaction that, under certain conditions could theoretically kill the entire planet. Point of view, supporters of catastrophic scenarios associated with the work of the LHC, presented at a separate site. [6] Because of such sentiments BAC sometimes stands Last Hadron Collider ( Last Hadron Collider).
In this regard, the most frequently mentioned the theoretical possibility of in the collider microscopic black holes , [7] as well as the theoretical possibility of clots antimatter and magnetic monopoles chain reaction with subsequent capture of surrounding matter.
Arguments in favor of a catastrophic Script
According to proponents of the catastrophic scenario, there is a fundamental difference between the bombardment of Earth by space particles and accelerator experiments. In the first case encountered arriving from space ultrarelativistic (flying at a speed close to the speed of light) elementary particle elementary particles on Earth, the speed is small. The resulting particles are also ultrarelativistic and fly in outer space, without having to cause any harm to the Earth. In the collider, beams of the same face of the elementary particles moving with ultrarelativistic velocities in opposite directions. The microscopic black holes and other dangerous particles can fly with any speed. Some of them will be so slow that they can not leave the Earth.
General Relativity in the form proposed by Einstein , does not permit microscopic black holes at the LHC. However, they will occur if the correct theory with extra spatial dimensions. According to supporters catastrophic scenario, although such theories and speculative, the probability that they are correct, amounts to tens of percent. Hawking radiation , resulting in to the evaporation of black holes, is also a hypothetical - it was never confirmed experimentally. Therefore, there is a high probability that it does not work.
addition, the high probability of strapelek .
arguments of opponents of the catastrophic scenario
comparison with natural speed and energy
accelerator designed for jogging such particles as hadrons and atomic nucleus. However, there are natural sources of particle velocity and energy are much higher than in the collider [14] (see: Zevatron ). Such natural particles found in cosmic rays . Surface of the planet Earth partially protected from these rays, but passing through the atmosphere, particles of space Rays faced with atoms and molecules of air. As a result of these natural collisions in the Earth's atmosphere generated set of stable and unstable particles. As a result, on this planet for many millions of years there natural background radiation .
summer of 2008, scientists discovered in the area Crab natural particle accelerators. [15]
same thing (pushing the elementary particles and atoms) will be and in the LHC, but with less velocity and energy, and in much smaller quantities.
Microscopic black holes
If black holes can occur during the collision of elementary particles, they also will break up into elementary particles, in accordance with the principle of CPT-invariance , non- one of the most fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.
Further, if the hypothesis of the existence of stable micro black-holes were true, they would have formed in large quantities by bombarding the Earth's cosmic elementary particles. But most of the arrivals from outer space high Elementary particles possess an electric charge, so part of the black holes would be electrically charged. Those charged black holes would be captured Earth's magnetic field, and whether they are indeed dangerous, long ago would have destroyed the Earth. mechanism Schwimmer , making the black hole is electrically neutral, it is very similar to the Hawking effect and can not work if not working Hawking effect.
In addition, any black hole, charged or electrically neutral, captured to white dwarfs and neutron stars (which, like the Earth, are bombarded by cosmic radiation) and destroyed them. As a result, the lifetime of white dwarfs and neutron stars would have been much shorter than that observed in reality. In addition, destructible white dwarfs and neutron stars emitted would be additional radiation, which in fact is not observed.
Finally, theories with extra spatial dimensions that predict the occurrence of microscopic black holes do not contradict the experimental data only if the number of extra dimensions not less than three. But with so many additional measurements have to pass billions of years before the black hole would cause the Earth any significant harm.
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